Common Types of Wine

Wine is made with grapes, but not typical table grapes you’ll find at the grocery. Wine grapes (latin name: Vitis vinifera) have thick skins, are small, sweet, and contain seeds. There are many different kinds of wine grapes–over a thousand,–but just a few of these varieties (listed below) are grown commonly all over the world.

Single-Variety Wines and Wine Blends

A wine made with one type of grape is a single-variety wine or, varietal wine, and a wine made with several different grapes is a blend. Some wine blends are named after the place they originated. For example, a Bordeaux Blend is a blend of several grapes, including Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, and comes from Bordeaux, France. Another familiar example is Chianti (“key-aunt-tee”), a Sangiovese-based blend from Tuscany, Italy.

TIP: The term “vintage” refers to the year the grapes were grown. Non-Vintage (NV) wines are a blend of several vintages.

Common Types of Wine

The 8 wines included in this article represent 6 of the 9 styles of wine. Trying all 8 wines will give you a good example of the potential range of flavors found in all wine. Each wine listed below also includes alternative varieties that taste similar. So, if you prefer a particular wine, you might also like its alternatives.

Cabernet Sauvignon “Cab-er-nay Saw-vin-yawn”  Taste: Black Cherry, Black Currant, Baking Spices, Cedar  Style: Full-bodied Red Wine  Description: Cabernet Sauvignon is a full-bodied red wine that originated in France. Today, it’s the most popular wine variety in the world. Wines taste full-bodied with bold tannins and a long persistent black peppery finish.  Food Pairing: lamb, beef, smoked meats, French, American, firm cheeses like aged cheddar and hard cheeses like Pecorino Cabernet Sauvignon Alternatives Merlot: lighter and smoother with more cherry flavors Cabernet Franc: lighter with more red pepper and herb flavors Carménère: (Chile) lighter with more red pepper and cherry flavors Bordeaux Blend: a blend of mostly Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Merlot from Bordeaux, France Sangiovese: (Italy) spicier with more herbal and tart cherry flavors  
Syrah “Sear-ah” (aka Shiraz)  Taste: Blueberry, Plum, Pepper, Chocolate, Tobacco  Style: Full-bodied Red Wine  Description: Syrah (aka Shiraz) is a full-bodied red wine that originated in France. Wines are full-bodied with bold fruit flavors and subtle tannin that drops off into a smooth finish. Syrah is commonly blended with Grenache and Mourvèdre to create the red Rhône blend.  Food Pairing: lamb, beef, smoked meats, Mediterranean, French, American, salty cheeses such as feta, firm cheeses like white cheddar, and hard cheeses like Manchego Syrah Alternatives Malbec: (Argentina) lighter and smoother on the finish with more plum flavors Petit Sirah: (United States) bolder and more tannic with blackberry flavors Monastrell (aka Mourvèdre): (Spain) bolder and smokier Pinotage: (South Africa) bolder and smokier  
Zinfandel “Zin-fan-dell”  Taste: Strawberry, Blackberry, 5 Spice Powder, Sweet Tobacco  Style: Medium-bodied Red Wine  Description: Zinfandel (aka Primitivo) is a medium-bodied red wine that originated in Croatia. Wines are fruit-forward and spicy with a medium length finish. Zinfandel is a red grape that may be better known as the rosé wine White Zinfandel.  Food Pairing: chicken, pork, cured meat, lamb, beef, barbecue, Italian, American, Chinese, Thai, Indian, full-flavored like cheddar and firm cheeses such as Manchego Zinfandel Alternatives Grenache (aka Garnacha): Lighter and less spicy with more raspberry flavors Tempranillo: (Spain) Less fruity and more tannic with red cherry flavors. Rhône Blend: a blend of Grenache, Syrah and Mourvèdre originally from Rhône Valley of France Carignan: Lighter with more juicy red fruit flavors  
Pinot Noir “Pee-no Nwar”  Taste: Cherry, Cranberry, Clove, Mushroom  Style: Light-bodied Red Wine  Description: Pinot Noir is a dry light-bodied red wine that originated in France. Wines are somewhat tart with a burst of fruit that leads into a long soft finish.  Food Pairing: chicken, pork, veal, duck, cured meat, French, German, cream sauces, soft cheeses, nutty medium-firm cheeses like Gruyère Pinot Noir Alternatives Gamay (aka Beaujolais): (France) Lighter, juicier and more bitter on the finish  
Chardonnay “Shar-dun-nay”  Taste: Starfruit, Yellow Apple, Butter, Chalk  Style: Full-bodied White Wine  Description: Chardonnay is a dry full-bodied white wine that originated in France. When oak-aged, Chardonnay will taste creamy and buttery. Unoaked wines are lighter and zesty with apple and citrus flavors. Chardonnay is the white wine of Burgundy.  Food Pairing: lobster, crab, shrimp, chicken, pork, mushroom, French, cream sauces, soft cheeses such as triple cream brie, medium-firm cheeses like Gruyère Chardonnay Alternatives Sémillon: Lighter with more lemon flavors Viognier: More perfume and vanilla flavors  
Sauvignon Blanc “Saw-vin-yawn Blonk”  Taste: Gooseberry, Honeydew Melon, Passion Fruit, Grass  Style: Light-bodied White Wine  Description: Sauvignon Blanc is a dry light-bodied white wine that originated in France. Wines are zesty, typically with herbal green fruit flavors. Sauvignon Blanc is an older heritage grape, a parent grape of Cabernet Sauvignon.  Food Pairing: fish, chicken, pork, veal, Mexican, Vietnamese, French, herb-crusted goat cheese, nutty cheeses such as Gruyère Sauvignon Blanc Alternatives Vermentino: from Italy Verdejo: from Spain Grüner Veltliner: from Austria Colombard: from Southern France  
Pinot Gris “Pee-no Gree” (aka Pinot Grigio)  Taste: Lemon Pith, Honeydew Melon, Nectarine, White Peach  Style: Light-bodied White Wine  Description: Pinot Gris is a dry light-bodied white wine that originated from Northern Italy and France. Wines are zesty, thirst-quenching and often lighter in alcohol (12% ABV) making them ideal for outdoor dining.  Food Pairing: Pinot Gris Alternatives Albariño: from Spain Soave: The grape is Garganega, and the wine is from Italy Muscadet: The grape is Melon de Bourgogne, and the wine is from France  
Riesling “Reese-ling”  Taste: Lime, Apple, Beeswax, Honey  Style: Aromatic (sweet) White Wine  Description: Riesling is an off-dry aromatic white wine (dry styles also exist) that originated from Germany where it is the most important wine. Wines are mouth-watering and tart with a lemon-honey-like sweetness. Riesling is considered a low alcohol wine when it is sweet at around 9%–10% ABV.  Food Pairing: chicken, pork, duck, turkey, cured meat, Indian, Thai, Vietnamese, Moroccan, German, washed-rind cheeses and fondue Riesling Alternatives Muscat Blanc (aka Moscato):sweeter with more candied pear flavors Gewürztraminer: richer with more rose flavors Torrontés: less sweet with more peach and flower flavors Chenin Blanc: less sweet with more apple flavors  

Source: winefolly